//===- llvm/CodeGen/LiveInterval.h - Interval representation ----*- C++ -*-===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements the LiveRange and LiveInterval classes.  Given some
// numbering of each the machine instructions an interval [i, j) is said to be a
// live range for register v if there is no instruction with number j' >= j
// such that v is live at j' and there is no instruction with number i' < i such
// that v is live at i'. In this implementation ranges can have holes,
// i.e. a range might look like [1,20), [50,65), [1000,1001).  Each
// individual segment is represented as an instance of LiveRange::Segment,
// and the whole range is represented as an instance of LiveRange.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef LLVM_CODEGEN_LIVEINTERVAL_H
#define LLVM_CODEGEN_LIVEINTERVAL_H

#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/IntEqClasses.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/iterator_range.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/Register.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/SlotIndexes.h"
#include "llvm/MC/LaneBitmask.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Allocator.h"
#include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstddef>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>

namespace llvm {

  class CoalescerPair;
  class LiveIntervals;
  class MachineRegisterInfo;
  class raw_ostream;

  /// VNInfo - Value Number Information.
  /// This class holds information about a machine level values, including
  /// definition and use points.
  ///
  class VNInfo {
  public:
    using Allocator = BumpPtrAllocator;

    /// The ID number of this value.
    unsigned id;

    /// The index of the defining instruction.
    SlotIndex def;

    /// VNInfo constructor.
    VNInfo(unsigned i, SlotIndex d) : id(i), def(d) {}

    /// VNInfo constructor, copies values from orig, except for the value number.
    VNInfo(unsigned i, const VNInfo &orig) : id(i), def(orig.def) {}

    /// Copy from the parameter into this VNInfo.
    void copyFrom(VNInfo &src) {
      def = src.def;
    }

    /// Returns true if this value is defined by a PHI instruction (or was,
    /// PHI instructions may have been eliminated).
    /// PHI-defs begin at a block boundary, all other defs begin at register or
    /// EC slots.
    bool isPHIDef() const { return def.isBlock(); }

    /// Returns true if this value is unused.
    bool isUnused() const { return !def.isValid(); }

    /// Mark this value as unused.
    void markUnused() { def = SlotIndex(); }
  };

  /// Result of a LiveRange query. This class hides the implementation details
  /// of live ranges, and it should be used as the primary interface for
  /// examining live ranges around instructions.
  class LiveQueryResult {
    VNInfo *const EarlyVal;
    VNInfo *const LateVal;
    const SlotIndex EndPoint;
    const bool Kill;

  public:
    LiveQueryResult(VNInfo *EarlyVal, VNInfo *LateVal, SlotIndex EndPoint,
                    bool Kill)
      : EarlyVal(EarlyVal), LateVal(LateVal), EndPoint(EndPoint), Kill(Kill)
    {}

    /// Return the value that is live-in to the instruction. This is the value
    /// that will be read by the instruction's use operands. Return NULL if no
    /// value is live-in.
    VNInfo *valueIn() const {
      return EarlyVal;
    }

    /// Return true if the live-in value is killed by this instruction. This
    /// means that either the live range ends at the instruction, or it changes
    /// value.
    bool isKill() const {
      return Kill;
    }

    /// Return true if this instruction has a dead def.
    bool isDeadDef() const {
      return EndPoint.isDead();
    }

    /// Return the value leaving the instruction, if any. This can be a
    /// live-through value, or a live def. A dead def returns NULL.
    VNInfo *valueOut() const {
      return isDeadDef() ? nullptr : LateVal;
    }

    /// Returns the value alive at the end of the instruction, if any. This can
    /// be a live-through value, a live def or a dead def.
    VNInfo *valueOutOrDead() const {
      return LateVal;
    }

    /// Return the value defined by this instruction, if any. This includes
    /// dead defs, it is the value created by the instruction's def operands.
    VNInfo *valueDefined() const {
      return EarlyVal == LateVal ? nullptr : LateVal;
    }

    /// Return the end point of the last live range segment to interact with
    /// the instruction, if any.
    ///
    /// The end point is an invalid SlotIndex only if the live range doesn't
    /// intersect the instruction at all.
    ///
    /// The end point may be at or past the end of the instruction's basic
    /// block. That means the value was live out of the block.
    SlotIndex endPoint() const {
      return EndPoint;
    }
  };

  /// This class represents the liveness of a register, stack slot, etc.
  /// It manages an ordered list of Segment objects.
  /// The Segments are organized in a static single assignment form: At places
  /// where a new value is defined or different values reach a CFG join a new
  /// segment with a new value number is used.
  class LiveRange {
  public:
    /// This represents a simple continuous liveness interval for a value.
    /// The start point is inclusive, the end point exclusive. These intervals
    /// are rendered as [start,end).
    struct Segment {
      SlotIndex start;  // Start point of the interval (inclusive)
      SlotIndex end;    // End point of the interval (exclusive)
      VNInfo *valno = nullptr; // identifier for the value contained in this
                               // segment.

      Segment() = default;

      Segment(SlotIndex S, SlotIndex E, VNInfo *V)
        : start(S), end(E), valno(V) {
        assert(S < E && "Cannot create empty or backwards segment");
      }

      /// Return true if the index is covered by this segment.
      bool contains(SlotIndex I) const {
        return start <= I && I < end;
      }

      /// Return true if the given interval, [S, E), is covered by this segment.
      bool containsInterval(SlotIndex S, SlotIndex E) const {
        assert((S < E) && "Backwards interval?");
        return (start <= S && S < end) && (start < E && E <= end);
      }

      bool operator<(const Segment &Other) const {
        return std::tie(start, end) < std::tie(Other.start, Other.end);
      }
      bool operator==(const Segment &Other) const {
        return start == Other.start && end == Other.end;
      }

      bool operator!=(const Segment &Other) const {
        return !(*this == Other);
      }

      void dump() const;
    };

    using Segments = SmallVector<Segment, 2>;
    using VNInfoList = SmallVector<VNInfo *, 2>;

    Segments segments;   // the liveness segments
    VNInfoList valnos;   // value#'s

    // The segment set is used temporarily to accelerate initial computation
    // of live ranges of physical registers in computeRegUnitRange.
    // After that the set is flushed to the segment vector and deleted.
    using SegmentSet = std::set<Segment>;
    std::unique_ptr<SegmentSet> segmentSet;

    using iterator = Segments::iterator;
    using const_iterator = Segments::const_iterator;

    iterator begin() { return segments.begin(); }
    iterator end()   { return segments.end(); }

    const_iterator begin() const { return segments.begin(); }
    const_iterator end() const  { return segments.end(); }

    using vni_iterator = VNInfoList::iterator;
    using const_vni_iterator = VNInfoList::const_iterator;

    vni_iterator vni_begin() { return valnos.begin(); }
    vni_iterator vni_end()   { return valnos.end(); }

    const_vni_iterator vni_begin() const { return valnos.begin(); }
    const_vni_iterator vni_end() const   { return valnos.end(); }

    iterator_range<vni_iterator> vnis() {
      return make_range(vni_begin(), vni_end());
    }

    iterator_range<const_vni_iterator> vnis() const {
      return make_range(vni_begin(), vni_end());
    }

    /// Constructs a new LiveRange object.
    LiveRange(bool UseSegmentSet = false)
        : segmentSet(UseSegmentSet ? std::make_unique<SegmentSet>()
                                   : nullptr) {}

    /// Constructs a new LiveRange object by copying segments and valnos from
    /// another LiveRange.
    LiveRange(const LiveRange &Other, BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator) {
      assert(Other.segmentSet == nullptr &&
             "Copying of LiveRanges with active SegmentSets is not supported");
      assign(Other, Allocator);
    }

    /// Copies values numbers and live segments from \p Other into this range.
    void assign(const LiveRange &Other, BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator) {
      if (this == &Other)
        return;

      assert(Other.segmentSet == nullptr &&
             "Copying of LiveRanges with active SegmentSets is not supported");
      // Duplicate valnos.
      for (const VNInfo *VNI : Other.valnos)
        createValueCopy(VNI, Allocator);
      // Now we can copy segments and remap their valnos.
      for (const Segment &S : Other.segments)
        segments.push_back(Segment(S.start, S.end, valnos[S.valno->id]));
    }

    /// advanceTo - Advance the specified iterator to point to the Segment
    /// containing the specified position, or end() if the position is past the
    /// end of the range.  If no Segment contains this position, but the
    /// position is in a hole, this method returns an iterator pointing to the
    /// Segment immediately after the hole.
    iterator advanceTo(iterator I, SlotIndex Pos) {
      assert(I != end());
      if (Pos >= endIndex())
        return end();
      while (I->end <= Pos) ++I;
      return I;
    }

    const_iterator advanceTo(const_iterator I, SlotIndex Pos) const {
      assert(I != end());
      if (Pos >= endIndex())
        return end();
      while (I->end <= Pos) ++I;
      return I;
    }

    /// find - Return an iterator pointing to the first segment that ends after
    /// Pos, or end(). This is the same as advanceTo(begin(), Pos), but faster
    /// when searching large ranges.
    ///
    /// If Pos is contained in a Segment, that segment is returned.
    /// If Pos is in a hole, the following Segment is returned.
    /// If Pos is beyond endIndex, end() is returned.
    iterator find(SlotIndex Pos);

    const_iterator find(SlotIndex Pos) const {
      return const_cast<LiveRange*>(this)->find(Pos);
    }

    void clear() {
      valnos.clear();
      segments.clear();
    }

    size_t size() const {
      return segments.size();
    }

    bool hasAtLeastOneValue() const { return !valnos.empty(); }

    bool containsOneValue() const { return valnos.size() == 1; }

    unsigned getNumValNums() const { return (unsigned)valnos.size(); }

    /// getValNumInfo - Returns pointer to the specified val#.
    ///
    inline VNInfo *getValNumInfo(unsigned ValNo) {
      return valnos[ValNo];
    }
    inline const VNInfo *getValNumInfo(unsigned ValNo) const {
      return valnos[ValNo];
    }

    /// containsValue - Returns true if VNI belongs to this range.
    bool containsValue(const VNInfo *VNI) const {
      return VNI && VNI->id < getNumValNums() && VNI == getValNumInfo(VNI->id);
    }

    /// getNextValue - Create a new value number and return it.
    /// @p Def is the index of instruction that defines the value number.
    VNInfo *getNextValue(SlotIndex Def, VNInfo::Allocator &VNInfoAllocator) {
      VNInfo *VNI =
        new (VNInfoAllocator) VNInfo((unsigned)valnos.size(), Def);
      valnos.push_back(VNI);
      return VNI;
    }

    /// createDeadDef - Make sure the range has a value defined at Def.
    /// If one already exists, return it. Otherwise allocate a new value and
    /// add liveness for a dead def.
    VNInfo *createDeadDef(SlotIndex Def, VNInfo::Allocator &VNIAlloc);

    /// Create a def of value @p VNI. Return @p VNI. If there already exists
    /// a definition at VNI->def, the value defined there must be @p VNI.
    VNInfo *createDeadDef(VNInfo *VNI);

    /// Create a copy of the given value. The new value will be identical except
    /// for the Value number.
    VNInfo *createValueCopy(const VNInfo *orig,
                            VNInfo::Allocator &VNInfoAllocator) {
      VNInfo *VNI =
        new (VNInfoAllocator) VNInfo((unsigned)valnos.size(), *orig);
      valnos.push_back(VNI);
      return VNI;
    }

    /// RenumberValues - Renumber all values in order of appearance and remove
    /// unused values.
    void RenumberValues();

    /// MergeValueNumberInto - This method is called when two value numbers
    /// are found to be equivalent.  This eliminates V1, replacing all
    /// segments with the V1 value number with the V2 value number.  This can
    /// cause merging of V1/V2 values numbers and compaction of the value space.
    VNInfo* MergeValueNumberInto(VNInfo *V1, VNInfo *V2);

    /// Merge all of the live segments of a specific val# in RHS into this live
    /// range as the specified value number. The segments in RHS are allowed
    /// to overlap with segments in the current range, it will replace the
    /// value numbers of the overlaped live segments with the specified value
    /// number.
    void MergeSegmentsInAsValue(const LiveRange &RHS, VNInfo *LHSValNo);

    /// MergeValueInAsValue - Merge all of the segments of a specific val#
    /// in RHS into this live range as the specified value number.
    /// The segments in RHS are allowed to overlap with segments in the
    /// current range, but only if the overlapping segments have the
    /// specified value number.
    void MergeValueInAsValue(const LiveRange &RHS,
                             const VNInfo *RHSValNo, VNInfo *LHSValNo);

    bool empty() const { return segments.empty(); }

    /// beginIndex - Return the lowest numbered slot covered.
    SlotIndex beginIndex() const {
      assert(!empty() && "Call to beginIndex() on empty range.");
      return segments.front().start;
    }

    /// endNumber - return the maximum point of the range of the whole,
    /// exclusive.
    SlotIndex endIndex() const {
      assert(!empty() && "Call to endIndex() on empty range.");
      return segments.back().end;
    }

    bool expiredAt(SlotIndex index) const {
      return index >= endIndex();
    }

    bool liveAt(SlotIndex index) const {
      const_iterator r = find(index);
      return r != end() && r->start <= index;
    }

    /// Return the segment that contains the specified index, or null if there
    /// is none.
    const Segment *getSegmentContaining(SlotIndex Idx) const {
      const_iterator I = FindSegmentContaining(Idx);
      return I == end() ? nullptr : &*I;
    }

    /// Return the live segment that contains the specified index, or null if
    /// there is none.
    Segment *getSegmentContaining(SlotIndex Idx) {
      iterator I = FindSegmentContaining(Idx);
      return I == end() ? nullptr : &*I;
    }

    /// getVNInfoAt - Return the VNInfo that is live at Idx, or NULL.
    VNInfo *getVNInfoAt(SlotIndex Idx) const {
      const_iterator I = FindSegmentContaining(Idx);
      return I == end() ? nullptr : I->valno;
    }

    /// getVNInfoBefore - Return the VNInfo that is live up to but not
    /// necessarily including Idx, or NULL. Use this to find the reaching def
    /// used by an instruction at this SlotIndex position.
    VNInfo *getVNInfoBefore(SlotIndex Idx) const {
      const_iterator I = FindSegmentContaining(Idx.getPrevSlot());
      return I == end() ? nullptr : I->valno;
    }

    /// Return an iterator to the segment that contains the specified index, or
    /// end() if there is none.
    iterator FindSegmentContaining(SlotIndex Idx) {
      iterator I = find(Idx);
      return I != end() && I->start <= Idx ? I : end();
    }

    const_iterator FindSegmentContaining(SlotIndex Idx) const {
      const_iterator I = find(Idx);
      return I != end() && I->start <= Idx ? I : end();
    }

    /// overlaps - Return true if the intersection of the two live ranges is
    /// not empty.
    bool overlaps(const LiveRange &other) const {
      if (other.empty())
        return false;
      return overlapsFrom(other, other.begin());
    }

    /// overlaps - Return true if the two ranges have overlapping segments
    /// that are not coalescable according to CP.
    ///
    /// Overlapping segments where one range is defined by a coalescable
    /// copy are allowed.
    bool overlaps(const LiveRange &Other, const CoalescerPair &CP,
                  const SlotIndexes&) const;

    /// overlaps - Return true if the live range overlaps an interval specified
    /// by [Start, End).
    bool overlaps(SlotIndex Start, SlotIndex End) const;

    /// overlapsFrom - Return true if the intersection of the two live ranges
    /// is not empty.  The specified iterator is a hint that we can begin
    /// scanning the Other range starting at I.
    bool overlapsFrom(const LiveRange &Other, const_iterator StartPos) const;

    /// Returns true if all segments of the @p Other live range are completely
    /// covered by this live range.
    /// Adjacent live ranges do not affect the covering:the liverange
    /// [1,5](5,10] covers (3,7].
    bool covers(const LiveRange &Other) const;

    /// Add the specified Segment to this range, merging segments as
    /// appropriate.  This returns an iterator to the inserted segment (which
    /// may have grown since it was inserted).
    iterator addSegment(Segment S);

    /// Attempt to extend a value defined after @p StartIdx to include @p Use.
    /// Both @p StartIdx and @p Use should be in the same basic block. In case
    /// of subranges, an extension could be prevented by an explicit "undef"
    /// caused by a <def,read-undef> on a non-overlapping lane. The list of
    /// location of such "undefs" should be provided in @p Undefs.
    /// The return value is a pair: the first element is VNInfo of the value
    /// that was extended (possibly nullptr), the second is a boolean value
    /// indicating whether an "undef" was encountered.
    /// If this range is live before @p Use in the basic block that starts at
    /// @p StartIdx, and there is no intervening "undef", extend it to be live
    /// up to @p Use, and return the pair {value, false}. If there is no
    /// segment before @p Use and there is no "undef" between @p StartIdx and
    /// @p Use, return {nullptr, false}. If there is an "undef" before @p Use,
    /// return {nullptr, true}.
    std::pair<VNInfo*,bool> extendInBlock(ArrayRef<SlotIndex> Undefs,
        SlotIndex StartIdx, SlotIndex Kill);

    /// Simplified version of the above "extendInBlock", which assumes that
    /// no register lanes are undefined by <def,read-undef> operands.
    /// If this range is live before @p Use in the basic block that starts
    /// at @p StartIdx, extend it to be live up to @p Use, and return the
    /// value. If there is no segment before @p Use, return nullptr.
    VNInfo *extendInBlock(SlotIndex StartIdx, SlotIndex Kill);

    /// join - Join two live ranges (this, and other) together.  This applies
    /// mappings to the value numbers in the LHS/RHS ranges as specified.  If
    /// the ranges are not joinable, this aborts.
    void join(LiveRange &Other,
              const int *ValNoAssignments,
              const int *RHSValNoAssignments,
              SmallVectorImpl<VNInfo *> &NewVNInfo);

    /// True iff this segment is a single segment that lies between the
    /// specified boundaries, exclusively. Vregs live across a backedge are not
    /// considered local. The boundaries are expected to lie within an extended
    /// basic block, so vregs that are not live out should contain no holes.
    bool isLocal(SlotIndex Start, SlotIndex End) const {
      return beginIndex() > Start.getBaseIndex() &&
        endIndex() < End.getBoundaryIndex();
    }

    /// Remove the specified interval from this live range.
    /// Does nothing if interval is not part of this live range.
    /// Note that the interval must be within a single Segment in its entirety.
    void removeSegment(SlotIndex Start, SlotIndex End,
                       bool RemoveDeadValNo = false);

    void removeSegment(Segment S, bool RemoveDeadValNo = false) {
      removeSegment(S.start, S.end, RemoveDeadValNo);
    }

    /// Remove segment pointed to by iterator @p I from this range.
    iterator removeSegment(iterator I, bool RemoveDeadValNo = false);

    /// Mark \p ValNo for deletion if no segments in this range use it.
    void removeValNoIfDead(VNInfo *ValNo);

    /// Query Liveness at Idx.
    /// The sub-instruction slot of Idx doesn't matter, only the instruction
    /// it refers to is considered.
    LiveQueryResult Query(SlotIndex Idx) const {
      // Find the segment that enters the instruction.
      const_iterator I = find(Idx.getBaseIndex());
      const_iterator E = end();
      if (I == E)
        return LiveQueryResult(nullptr, nullptr, SlotIndex(), false);

      // Is this an instruction live-in segment?
      // If Idx is the start index of a basic block, include live-in segments
      // that start at Idx.getBaseIndex().
      VNInfo *EarlyVal = nullptr;
      VNInfo *LateVal  = nullptr;
      SlotIndex EndPoint;
      bool Kill = false;
      if (I->start <= Idx.getBaseIndex()) {
        EarlyVal = I->valno;
        EndPoint = I->end;
        // Move to the potentially live-out segment.
        if (SlotIndex::isSameInstr(Idx, I->end)) {
          Kill = true;
          if (++I == E)
            return LiveQueryResult(EarlyVal, LateVal, EndPoint, Kill);
        }
        // Special case: A PHIDef value can have its def in the middle of a
        // segment if the value happens to be live out of the layout
        // predecessor.
        // Such a value is not live-in.
        if (EarlyVal->def == Idx.getBaseIndex())
          EarlyVal = nullptr;
      }
      // I now points to the segment that may be live-through, or defined by
      // this instr. Ignore segments starting after the current instr.
      if (!SlotIndex::isEarlierInstr(Idx, I->start)) {
        LateVal = I->valno;
        EndPoint = I->end;
      }
      return LiveQueryResult(EarlyVal, LateVal, EndPoint, Kill);
    }

    /// removeValNo - Remove all the segments defined by the specified value#.
    /// Also remove the value# from value# list.
    void removeValNo(VNInfo *ValNo);

    /// Returns true if the live range is zero length, i.e. no live segments
    /// span instructions. It doesn't pay to spill such a range.
    bool isZeroLength(SlotIndexes *Indexes) const {
      for (const Segment &S : segments)
        if (Indexes->getNextNonNullIndex(S.start).getBaseIndex() <
            S.end.getBaseIndex())
          return false;
      return true;
    }

    // Returns true if any segment in the live range contains any of the
    // provided slot indexes.  Slots which occur in holes between
    // segments will not cause the function to return true.
    bool isLiveAtIndexes(ArrayRef<SlotIndex> Slots) const;

    bool operator<(const LiveRange& other) const {
      const SlotIndex &thisIndex = beginIndex();
      const SlotIndex &otherIndex = other.beginIndex();
      return thisIndex < otherIndex;
    }

    /// Returns true if there is an explicit "undef" between @p Begin
    /// @p End.
    bool isUndefIn(ArrayRef<SlotIndex> Undefs, SlotIndex Begin,
                   SlotIndex End) const {
      return llvm::any_of(Undefs, [Begin, End](SlotIndex Idx) -> bool {
        return Begin <= Idx && Idx < End;
      });
    }

    /// Flush segment set into the regular segment vector.
    /// The method is to be called after the live range
    /// has been created, if use of the segment set was
    /// activated in the constructor of the live range.
    void flushSegmentSet();

    /// Stores indexes from the input index sequence R at which this LiveRange
    /// is live to the output O iterator.
    /// R is a range of _ascending sorted_ _random_ access iterators
    /// to the input indexes. Indexes stored at O are ascending sorted so it
    /// can be used directly in the subsequent search (for example for
    /// subranges). Returns true if found at least one index.
    template <typename Range, typename OutputIt>
    bool findIndexesLiveAt(Range &&R, OutputIt O) const {
      assert(llvm::is_sorted(R));
      auto Idx = R.begin(), EndIdx = R.end();
      auto Seg = segments.begin(), EndSeg = segments.end();
      bool Found = false;
      while (Idx != EndIdx && Seg != EndSeg) {
        // if the Seg is lower find first segment that is above Idx using binary
        // search
        if (Seg->end <= *Idx) {
          Seg =
              std::upper_bound(++Seg, EndSeg, *Idx, [=](auto V, const auto &S) {
                return V < S.end;
              });
          if (Seg == EndSeg)
            break;
        }
        auto NotLessStart = std::lower_bound(Idx, EndIdx, Seg->start);
        if (NotLessStart == EndIdx)
          break;
        auto NotLessEnd = std::lower_bound(NotLessStart, EndIdx, Seg->end);
        if (NotLessEnd != NotLessStart) {
          Found = true;
          O = std::copy(NotLessStart, NotLessEnd, O);
        }
        Idx = NotLessEnd;
        ++Seg;
      }
      return Found;
    }

    void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
    void dump() const;

    /// Walk the range and assert if any invariants fail to hold.
    ///
    /// Note that this is a no-op when asserts are disabled.
#ifdef NDEBUG
    [[nodiscard]] bool verify() const { return true; }
#else
    [[nodiscard]] bool verify() const;
#endif

  protected:
    /// Append a segment to the list of segments.
    void append(const LiveRange::Segment S);

  private:
    friend class LiveRangeUpdater;
    void addSegmentToSet(Segment S);
    void markValNoForDeletion(VNInfo *V);
  };

  inline raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const LiveRange &LR) {
    LR.print(OS);
    return OS;
  }

  /// LiveInterval - This class represents the liveness of a register,
  /// or stack slot.
  class LiveInterval : public LiveRange {
  public:
    using super = LiveRange;

    /// A live range for subregisters. The LaneMask specifies which parts of the
    /// super register are covered by the interval.
    /// (@sa TargetRegisterInfo::getSubRegIndexLaneMask()).
    class SubRange : public LiveRange {
    public:
      SubRange *Next = nullptr;
      LaneBitmask LaneMask;

      /// Constructs a new SubRange object.
      SubRange(LaneBitmask LaneMask) : LaneMask(LaneMask) {}

      /// Constructs a new SubRange object by copying liveness from @p Other.
      SubRange(LaneBitmask LaneMask, const LiveRange &Other,
               BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator)
        : LiveRange(Other, Allocator), LaneMask(LaneMask) {}

      void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
      void dump() const;
    };

  private:
    SubRange *SubRanges = nullptr; ///< Single linked list of subregister live
                                   /// ranges.
    const Register Reg; // the register or stack slot of this interval.
    float Weight = 0.0; // weight of this interval

  public:
    Register reg() const { return Reg; }
    float weight() const { return Weight; }
    void incrementWeight(float Inc) { Weight += Inc; }
    void setWeight(float Value) { Weight = Value; }

    LiveInterval(unsigned Reg, float Weight) : Reg(Reg), Weight(Weight) {}

    ~LiveInterval() {
      clearSubRanges();
    }

    template<typename T>
    class SingleLinkedListIterator {
      T *P;

    public:
      using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
      using value_type = T;
      using pointer = T *;
      using reference = T &;
      using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;

      SingleLinkedListIterator(T *P) : P(P) {}

      SingleLinkedListIterator<T> &operator++() {
        P = P->Next;
        return *this;
      }
      SingleLinkedListIterator<T> operator++(int) {
        SingleLinkedListIterator res = *this;
        ++*this;
        return res;
      }
      bool operator!=(const SingleLinkedListIterator<T> &Other) const {
        return P != Other.operator->();
      }
      bool operator==(const SingleLinkedListIterator<T> &Other) const {
        return P == Other.operator->();
      }
      T &operator*() const {
        return *P;
      }
      T *operator->() const {
        return P;
      }
    };

    using subrange_iterator = SingleLinkedListIterator<SubRange>;
    using const_subrange_iterator = SingleLinkedListIterator<const SubRange>;

    subrange_iterator subrange_begin() {
      return subrange_iterator(SubRanges);
    }
    subrange_iterator subrange_end() {
      return subrange_iterator(nullptr);
    }

    const_subrange_iterator subrange_begin() const {
      return const_subrange_iterator(SubRanges);
    }
    const_subrange_iterator subrange_end() const {
      return const_subrange_iterator(nullptr);
    }

    iterator_range<subrange_iterator> subranges() {
      return make_range(subrange_begin(), subrange_end());
    }

    iterator_range<const_subrange_iterator> subranges() const {
      return make_range(subrange_begin(), subrange_end());
    }

    /// Creates a new empty subregister live range. The range is added at the
    /// beginning of the subrange list; subrange iterators stay valid.
    SubRange *createSubRange(BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator,
                             LaneBitmask LaneMask) {
      SubRange *Range = new (Allocator) SubRange(LaneMask);
      appendSubRange(Range);
      return Range;
    }

    /// Like createSubRange() but the new range is filled with a copy of the
    /// liveness information in @p CopyFrom.
    SubRange *createSubRangeFrom(BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator,
                                 LaneBitmask LaneMask,
                                 const LiveRange &CopyFrom) {
      SubRange *Range = new (Allocator) SubRange(LaneMask, CopyFrom, Allocator);
      appendSubRange(Range);
      return Range;
    }

    /// Returns true if subregister liveness information is available.
    bool hasSubRanges() const {
      return SubRanges != nullptr;
    }

    /// Removes all subregister liveness information.
    void clearSubRanges();

    /// Removes all subranges without any segments (subranges without segments
    /// are not considered valid and should only exist temporarily).
    void removeEmptySubRanges();

    /// getSize - Returns the sum of sizes of all the LiveRange's.
    ///
    unsigned getSize() const;

    /// isSpillable - Can this interval be spilled?
    bool isSpillable() const { return Weight != huge_valf; }

    /// markNotSpillable - Mark interval as not spillable
    void markNotSpillable() { Weight = huge_valf; }

    /// For a given lane mask @p LaneMask, compute indexes at which the
    /// lane is marked undefined by subregister <def,read-undef> definitions.
    void computeSubRangeUndefs(SmallVectorImpl<SlotIndex> &Undefs,
                               LaneBitmask LaneMask,
                               const MachineRegisterInfo &MRI,
                               const SlotIndexes &Indexes) const;

    /// Refines the subranges to support \p LaneMask. This may only be called
    /// for LI.hasSubrange()==true. Subregister ranges are split or created
    /// until \p LaneMask can be matched exactly. \p Mod is executed on the
    /// matching subranges.
    ///
    /// Example:
    ///    Given an interval with subranges with lanemasks L0F00, L00F0 and
    ///    L000F, refining for mask L0018. Will split the L00F0 lane into
    ///    L00E0 and L0010 and the L000F lane into L0007 and L0008. The Mod
    ///    function will be applied to the L0010 and L0008 subranges.
    ///
    /// \p Indexes and \p TRI are required to clean up the VNIs that
    /// don't define the related lane masks after they get shrunk. E.g.,
    /// when L000F gets split into L0007 and L0008 maybe only a subset
    /// of the VNIs that defined L000F defines L0007.
    ///
    /// The clean up of the VNIs need to look at the actual instructions
    /// to decide what is or is not live at a definition point. If the
    /// update of the subranges occurs while the IR does not reflect these
    /// changes, \p ComposeSubRegIdx can be used to specify how the
    /// definition are going to be rewritten.
    /// E.g., let say we want to merge:
    ///     V1.sub1:<2 x s32> = COPY V2.sub3:<4 x s32>
    /// We do that by choosing a class where sub1:<2 x s32> and sub3:<4 x s32>
    /// overlap, i.e., by choosing a class where we can find "offset + 1 == 3".
    /// Put differently we align V2's sub3 with V1's sub1:
    /// V2: sub0 sub1 sub2 sub3
    /// V1: <offset>  sub0 sub1
    ///
    /// This offset will look like a composed subregidx in the class:
    ///     V1.(composed sub2 with sub1):<4 x s32> = COPY V2.sub3:<4 x s32>
    /// =>  V1.(composed sub2 with sub1):<4 x s32> = COPY V2.sub3:<4 x s32>
    ///
    /// Now if we didn't rewrite the uses and def of V1, all the checks for V1
    /// need to account for this offset.
    /// This happens during coalescing where we update the live-ranges while
    /// still having the old IR around because updating the IR on-the-fly
    /// would actually clobber some information on how the live-ranges that
    /// are being updated look like.
    void refineSubRanges(BumpPtrAllocator &Allocator, LaneBitmask LaneMask,
                         std::function<void(LiveInterval::SubRange &)> Apply,
                         const SlotIndexes &Indexes,
                         const TargetRegisterInfo &TRI,
                         unsigned ComposeSubRegIdx = 0);

    bool operator<(const LiveInterval& other) const {
      const SlotIndex &thisIndex = beginIndex();
      const SlotIndex &otherIndex = other.beginIndex();
      return std::tie(thisIndex, Reg) < std::tie(otherIndex, other.Reg);
    }

    void print(raw_ostream &OS) const;
    void dump() const;

    /// Walks the interval and assert if any invariants fail to hold.
    ///
    /// Note that this is a no-op when asserts are disabled.
#ifdef NDEBUG
    [[nodiscard]] bool verify(const MachineRegisterInfo *MRI = nullptr) const {
      return true;
    }
#else
    [[nodiscard]] bool verify(const MachineRegisterInfo *MRI = nullptr) const;
#endif

  private:
    /// Appends @p Range to SubRanges list.
    void appendSubRange(SubRange *Range) {
      Range->Next = SubRanges;
      SubRanges = Range;
    }

    /// Free memory held by SubRange.
    void freeSubRange(SubRange *S);
  };

  inline raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS,
                                 const LiveInterval::SubRange &SR) {
    SR.print(OS);
    return OS;
  }

  inline raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const LiveInterval &LI) {
    LI.print(OS);
    return OS;
  }

  raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const LiveRange::Segment &S);

  inline bool operator<(SlotIndex V, const LiveRange::Segment &S) {
    return V < S.start;
  }

  inline bool operator<(const LiveRange::Segment &S, SlotIndex V) {
    return S.start < V;
  }

  /// Helper class for performant LiveRange bulk updates.
  ///
  /// Calling LiveRange::addSegment() repeatedly can be expensive on large
  /// live ranges because segments after the insertion point may need to be
  /// shifted. The LiveRangeUpdater class can defer the shifting when adding
  /// many segments in order.
  ///
  /// The LiveRange will be in an invalid state until flush() is called.
  class LiveRangeUpdater {
    LiveRange *LR;
    SlotIndex LastStart;
    LiveRange::iterator WriteI;
    LiveRange::iterator ReadI;
    SmallVector<LiveRange::Segment, 16> Spills;
    void mergeSpills();

  public:
    /// Create a LiveRangeUpdater for adding segments to LR.
    /// LR will temporarily be in an invalid state until flush() is called.
    LiveRangeUpdater(LiveRange *lr = nullptr) : LR(lr) {}

    ~LiveRangeUpdater() { flush(); }

    /// Add a segment to LR and coalesce when possible, just like
    /// LR.addSegment(). Segments should be added in increasing start order for
    /// best performance.
    void add(LiveRange::Segment);

    void add(SlotIndex Start, SlotIndex End, VNInfo *VNI) {
      add(LiveRange::Segment(Start, End, VNI));
    }

    /// Return true if the LR is currently in an invalid state, and flush()
    /// needs to be called.
    bool isDirty() const { return LastStart.isValid(); }

    /// Flush the updater state to LR so it is valid and contains all added
    /// segments.
    void flush();

    /// Select a different destination live range.
    void setDest(LiveRange *lr) {
      if (LR != lr && isDirty())
        flush();
      LR = lr;
    }

    /// Get the current destination live range.
    LiveRange *getDest() const { return LR; }

    void dump() const;
    void print(raw_ostream&) const;
  };

  inline raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const LiveRangeUpdater &X) {
    X.print(OS);
    return OS;
  }

  /// ConnectedVNInfoEqClasses - Helper class that can divide VNInfos in a
  /// LiveInterval into equivalence clases of connected components. A
  /// LiveInterval that has multiple connected components can be broken into
  /// multiple LiveIntervals.
  ///
  /// Given a LiveInterval that may have multiple connected components, run:
  ///
  ///   unsigned numComps = ConEQ.Classify(LI);
  ///   if (numComps > 1) {
  ///     // allocate numComps-1 new LiveIntervals into LIS[1..]
  ///     ConEQ.Distribute(LIS);
  /// }

  class ConnectedVNInfoEqClasses {
    LiveIntervals &LIS;
    IntEqClasses EqClass;

  public:
    explicit ConnectedVNInfoEqClasses(LiveIntervals &lis) : LIS(lis) {}

    /// Classify the values in \p LR into connected components.
    /// Returns the number of connected components.
    unsigned Classify(const LiveRange &LR);

    /// getEqClass - Classify creates equivalence classes numbered 0..N. Return
    /// the equivalence class assigned the VNI.
    unsigned getEqClass(const VNInfo *VNI) const { return EqClass[VNI->id]; }

    /// Distribute values in \p LI into a separate LiveIntervals
    /// for each connected component. LIV must have an empty LiveInterval for
    /// each additional connected component. The first connected component is
    /// left in \p LI.
    void Distribute(LiveInterval &LI, LiveInterval *LIV[],
                    MachineRegisterInfo &MRI);
  };

} // end namespace llvm

#endif // LLVM_CODEGEN_LIVEINTERVAL_H
